Uganda spans tropical rainforest, savanna, and montane agroecological zones, with fertile soils and bimodal rainfall across much of the country. Approximately 34% of the land is arable, supporting maize, bananas, cassava, beans, coffee, tea, rice, sugarcane, and horticultural crops. Major agricultural imports include wheat, vegetable oils, rice, and processed food products, while major exports include coffee, tea, cocoa, fish products, maize, beans, and tobacco. No GM crops are commercially cultivated, although confined field trials have been conducted. Uganda has no approved GM FFP import system under law, but draft Standard Operating Procedures provide a framework for the importation and handling of GM food, feed and processing (FFP) products.