Egypt is characterized by arid desert ecosystems with agriculture concentrated along the Nile Valley and Nile Delta. Approximately 3.8% of the country’s land is arable, supporting wheat, maize, rice, cotton, sugar beet, sugarcane, vegetables and citrus. Major agricultural imports include wheat, maize, soybean and vegetable oils, while exports include citrus, potatoes, onions, grapes and processed horticultural products. Egypt does not commercially cultivate GM crops but permits the importation of certain biotechnology products subject to regulatory authorization. No GM FFP approvals have been publicly recorded.